A Research On Cross Cultural Groups And Organisations

Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organisations. The author, in the book Culture and Organisations, describes national cultures as explainable along six dimensions: Individualism, Power Distance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, Uncertainty avoidance and Indulgence vs. restraint. Cultures play an important role in forming our ways of thinking, feeling and behaviour. Cultures differ from nations and regions. The author of the book explains the cultural differences or diversity between nations based on empirical researches. Through the dimensions described by the author, we can understand how national cultures work as the mental programming and why people†¦show more content†¦Culture distinguishes people of different categories or regions from others. In this review, I am going to discuss some of the six dimensions with which the author describes the national cultures along. 1. POWER DISTANCE This is the extent to which the less powerful members of the community or society within a country expect and accept that. In this context, the book looks at how individuals regard their position in terms of power in the society. The power distance reflects in role pairs of authority-citizen, parent-child and boss-subordinate in different countries. In high power distance organisations, organisational hierarchy is obvious. There is a line between bosses and subordinates. Low power organisations have a flat organisational structure. 2. INDIVIDUAL VS. COLLECTIVISM Individualism looks at how the ties between the individuals in the society are loose. Here everyone is expected to look after their own interests. Collectivism looks at societies in which people from birth are integrated into strong and cohesive in-groups. This is where people are continuously protected each in exchange for unquestionable loyalty. (p. 76) Individualism-collectivism refers to how people value themselves and their organisations or groups. Persons with high individualistic values care about their own actualisation and career progress in the organisations whereas people with low individualistic values tend to value

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay - 1984 Words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are identified as a category of birth disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. These can include physical or intellectual anomalies, such as cardiac, skeletal, visual, aural, and fine or gross motor problems. (Callanan, 2013) Prevention would involve alcohol use prevention programs for women who are pregnant, and treatment for FAS and FASD would be aimed at helping those affected realize their full potential through both family and individual interventions. While there is no cure for FAS or FASD, appropriate treatments can aide individuals with these diagnoses to minimize the effects. According to the British Medical Association in 2007, FASD is the leading†¦show more content†¦(Streissguth, 2010) Currently, worldwide prevalence rates suggest that FASD affects as many as one in 100 children, and a study in England suggests that the incidence of FASD is underreported there. (Callanan, 2013) Fet al Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are likely underreported everywhere, based on this information, which makes early treatment interventions more difficult. Ideally, the best prevention for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is prevention, however women who are consuming alcohol during pregnancy may be less inclined to seek prenatal care, making it difficult to help them reduce and stop their alcohol consumption, which would prevent the occurrence of FASD and FAS. Since this is the case, FASD and FAS must be treated, rather than prevented. Like most therapeutic interventions, individuals with FASD and FAS are best treated early in life, therefore most interventions are aimed at treating children and adolescents. According to O’Connor and Paley (2009), there is extensive research that has documented significant cognitive, behavioral, adaptive, social, and emotional dysfunctions in peopleShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome942 Words   |  4 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome According to Seaver, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is birth defects causing learning, and behavioral problems in individuals whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder is very serious, yet it is recognized as one of the most preventable. This causes major issues, when something so serious could be prevented but is not. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a problem because it leaves a permanent effect on the unborn child, but some solutions could be educating women andRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome1466 Words   |  6 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome â€Å"If women didn’t drink anymore during pregnancy, there would never be another baby born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effect† (McCuen 33). This is a very powerful statement. It is also a very simple cure for an alarmingly high birth defect that all women have the power to stop. â€Å"Every year more than 40,000 American children are born with defects because their mother drank alcohol while pregnant â€Å" (McCuen 34). That is 1 to 3 per 1,000 live birthsRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancyRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pageslead to many severe abnormalities in the growing fetus. More specifically, a disorder that will be explored in this essay is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Since the alcohol is consumed in such a developing stage of the fetus, it can potentially cause many different complications in the unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome could easily be prevented with more awareness to the issue and its defining characteristics, how it affects the fetus during growthRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof prenatal alcohol exposure (Lupton, 2003). This number will only continue to grow if the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant i s not brought to the people’s attention. When the mother takes a drink of alcohol, so does the fetus, which will cause physical and behavioral problems after birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is completely preventable and irreversible. FAS awareness and prevention is important; expectant mothers need to know the background information about the syndrome, some commonRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition affecting children born to women who drink heavily during pregnancy. There are three criteria used to describe the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and to make a diagnosis of FAS. The first of these is a pattern of facial anomalies, these features include: #61558; Small eye openings #61558; Flat cheekbones #61558; Flattened groove between nose and upper lip #61558; Thin upper lip These characteristicsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a mental and physical birth defect. It occurs when a pregnant women consumes high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy. The effects of FAS can be traumatic in some cases, and in others children were slightly affected by exposure to alcohol. FAS has a wide range of effects on the fetus and infant, retarded growth, under developed facial features, slow cognitive development, and many more. The evidence of cases is overwhelming, yet in some societies it is still anRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that can happen to children whose mothers drank sufficient amounts of alcohol sometime throughout their pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition classified in a group called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and is the most known and severe of the group. FAS, depending on the factors such as location, population and race studied is considered one of the leading known causes of mental retardation and birth defects, with 0.2 – 1.5 out of every 1Read MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome2703 Words   |  11 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described theseRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesyou want your child to have FAS? Read on and I believe you will come to the same conclusion as I have about FAS. FAS doesn’t sound so bad, but in reality it is. FAS means Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS is a combination of physical and mental defects first evident at a baby’s birth. FAS is a direct result of a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. These defects continue through out the child’s life. One in five hundred children are born with FAS. Your baby is at risk no matter how much liquor you

The Tradegy of JUlius Caesar Essay Example For Students

The Tradegy of JUlius Caesar Essay I.In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar William Shakespeare proves that an individuals character flaws will ultimately cause his or her demise.II. Caesars naivete and arroganceA.He is a dreamer 716B.Yet if my name were 721C.Id rather tell thee 722D. Caesar shall go 743E.Cowards die 743F.The gods do this 743G.Have I in conquest 744H. I must prevent thee 752I.Constant as the north 753III.Cassiuss evilness, greed, hastiness, nervousnessAll fo these quotes are found in the tradegy of julius caesar the reader would be wse to lok in the book for more aditional quotes, and base his paper on how people in some degree cause their own deaths. weather it be ther love or parks and on ther stroll to a park they get hit by a car or it may be the fact that they are greedy and their dick invovlment in shady opperations h a s c a u s e d t h e i r u n t i m e l y deaths. There are countles examples of this throughout how history. this paper is not many words do I need very conclusive for I am not verygood, but this fuck you is give a sold idea to work from howdy there is a good possiability that the reader can draw a strong connection the the chaos theory. son las dias? nuevaes benero en el bano. the chaos theory states that everything is connect. for example because a buttefly flpped his or her fuck wings richard gear the gay actor had a pinao in brooklyn dropped on his head. i i evdent that peope enjoy the ice cream sandwhich frm time to time espicley whe it is injected i to their beards. its only factual that marvin gaye was a prphet in his onw right como estats? a good resource diary is the one method man. you wuld be wise to eat penut butter out of your neighbors ass hole. ys the answere si yea that am drunk and getting more and more as we speak. hahaha see the workd connectionbeing drawn to the sun from here tnas thatmkd ietoy for all of you r time mothae fuxcker s jhahah jfiekd eo Words/ Pages : 370 / 24

Recrystalization Lab Report Essay Example

Recrystalization Lab Report Paper An exothermic reaction started immediately with concomitant orientation of a brown precipitate of crude actinide. Ml of water and a magnetic stirring bar were added to stir the reaction mixture and the flask was heated on a magnetic stirring hot plate until all of the solid and oil were dissolved. The temperature of the reaction mixture at this point was close to ICC, the boiling point of water. A few millimeters of hot solution was removed from the flask with a disposable pipette and placed in a test tube. The test tube was set aside to cool and produce crystals. The color and melting point of the in batch of crystals were used to assess the effectiveness of activated carbon treatment of the main batch to remove the colored impurities (vide infra). The temperature of the main batch of the reaction mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask was brought down to 70-ICC, and approximately a pinch of activated carbon were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was carefully brought to boiling with efficient stirring, to prevent bumping over of the reaction mixture. The hot solution was filtered through a double layer of fluted filter paper arranged in a conical glass funnel, previous heated over a boiling water bath. To complete crystallization, the filtrate was cooled in an ice bath. The crystals were collected by suction filtration. The collected product was spread over a filter paper to dry until the next class period. Dried actinide showed melting point, 112-ICC, yield 2. Grams. The crystals from the mini batch that was not treated with charcoal were collected by suction filtration using a Hirsch funnel. We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These crystals had brown color and showed melting range of 106-ICC, yield 0. Egg. Percent Yield Calculations: Weight of aniline = 2. 0 g Molecular weight of aniline= 93 Molecular weight of actinide = 135 Theoretical Yield Actual Yield = 2. 03 g + 0. 01 g = 2. 04 g % Yield 100 70. 3% Yield Results and Discussion: In this experiment, aniline (liquid) was reacted with acetic anhydride (liquid) in water at room temperature to give an impure, tan colored solid. The solid was crystallized from water with the use of charcoal to give white flakes of actinide, melting point 112-ICC, actual yield 2. 4 grams. When charcoal was not used urine crystallization, the crystals remained an off-white color. The melting point of the mini batch of brown/tan crystals was 106-ICC. The overall reaction between aniline l, and acetic anhydride, II leading to the formation of actinide is shown below in the first equation. The mechanism of the reaction between the two reactants to produce the actinide is show n in the second equation. In equation 2, the curved arrows represent the flow of electrons during bond formation and bond cleavage. Observations: a. Reactants aniline and acetic anhydride were both insoluble in water, the action medium; however, when the reaction was swirled by hand, an exothermic reaction took place within minutes which produced the solid actinide. B. Acetic anhydride is a high energy molecule. C. Both aniline and water can react with acetic anhydride, but aniline reacts with acetic anhydride at a much faster rate to produce actinide. D. Charcoal was very effective in removing colored impurities from the impure batch of actinide. Questions: 1. The major purpose of crystallization is to purify a solid. . Water is nonflammable and nontoxic. . Used to remove small amounts of colored impurities. Activated carbon absorbs the polar compounds. 4. Because if we add more solvent, then we can vaporize it off. 5. Because because many organic compounds are not soluble in water because it is hydrophobic. These compounds are soluble in ethanol because of ethanols functional groups. The chemist can then add more water to the s olution because the organic compound is soluble in the ethanol. 6. We do not use Benzene and water because they do not dissolve with each other. Like dissolves like.