Sunday, January 19, 2020

Welfare: A Government Program in the US

In the United States, the word â€Å"welfare† is familiar to everyone. People usually consider welfare as government programs that distribute public assistance to the poor and low income people. However, some people, who are able to work, take advantage of or depend too much on welfare, and they consider welfare as their main source of income. To stop their dependence on welfare, the government should put those who are on welfare into the labor area and keep them there. Besides, the government should change their way of thinking about welfare and make recipients realize the goal of work and self-sufficiency. In order to accomplish this change, the government should replace the existing welfare by education and training programs. Some welfare recipients depend too much and take advantage of welfare. The sponsors of immigrants must be responsible for taking care of their family. However, they refuse to take their responsibility, and they consider that welfare must help them. For example, one sponsor in Orange County, California placed her parents on welfare even though she owned a $450,000 home and easily could afford to provide for their well-being. However, she notified the welfare agency that her elderly parents either would have to start paying rent or move out (Smith 31). Besides, welfare pays substantially more than recipients could earn from entry-level job (Tanner et al. 22). That is the reason why welfare recipients do not likely to look for job. As a result, if people can earn the same income by either working or not working, most people will choose not to work. In contrast, other people such as elders, retarded or disabled individuals, and single parent deserve to receive government assistance; however, they do not get as much as they need because the government provides welfare to both deserving and undeserving people. This will create an unbalancing gap between people. Those who really need welfare can not get enough; meanwhile, others receive more than what they need. Therefore, the government should provide welfare to deserving people who really need assistance and jobs to those who are able to work. In the article â€Å"Welfare Pays Better, So Why Work? † of USA Today Magazine, the authors state â€Å"Nearly everyone agrees that a major goal should be to encourage recipients to leave the welfare rolls and enter the workforce† (Tanner et al. 22). In order to encourage recipients to enter the workforce, the government should limit welfare because welfare is a source of income which recipients do not have to work to earn, so why do they have to work? Besides, welfare recipients must realize that welfare only helps them in short period of time. After that they have to be on their own because there is no one else can help them forever. If there is less welfare, working becomes the only source of income which they can depend on. Indeed, limiting welfare is parallel with seeking job. Once welfare is limited, labor force is the only place where they can get help. In order to encourage recipients to work, the government should create employment programs which assist recipients to look for job, to train and to gain skills. Although the employment programs might cost the nation more money in short term, they will be worth it in the long term. First, the government should persuade private employers to create more job opportunities for welfare recipients, and also welfare recipients should be required to participate in education and training programs. Besides, more employment services and job search assistance should be establish to help welfare recipients to have an easier time finding jobs. In addition, welfare money should be used to subsidize for education and training programs because these programs can provide skills and train them in order to meet the new demands of the labor market and meet the employer's specific needs. Furthermore, unemployment offices would no longer distinguish between those who were recently laid off and those who have been on welfare. Each person would be evaluated on the basis of what services she or he needs in order to obtain employment. Hence, everyone all has same opportunity to enter the workforce. Instead of improving the welfare programs, the government should look at them as an opportunity to create a more comprehensive employment programs that would replace the old welfare and public assistance programs. For this to occur, the government should create education and training programs to provide skills and train people in order to ensure all those who want to work are able to do so. Besides, more employment services should be established to assist people to look for job easier, and private employment creates more jobs to encourage people to work. Also, equal opportunity should be applied to everyone. As a result, all these programs should be shared a single goal: to enable people to work.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Assessment Base Reading Instruciton Case Study Essay

Table of Contents Introduction Description of the Student Background Information PART 1: Administration of Assessments DIBELS: A Universal Assessment Battery Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Running Records Description and Purpose of the Assessment The running record allows you to record the child’s reading behavior as he or she reads from the book. The purpose of a running record is a tool used to determine word recognition reading fluency reading strategies, self- corrections, and comprehension. It is an individually conducted formative assessment which is ongoing and curriculum based. It provides a graphic  representation of a student’s oral reading, identifying patterns of effective and ineffective strategy use. This method was developed by Marie Clay, the originator of Reading Recovery. Running records helps document reading progress over time. Help teachers decide what students need to learn and matches students to appropriate books. We want to capture all the behaviors to help interpret what the child was probably doing. Everything the child says and does tells us something: when the reading is correct, what his hands and eyes were doing, the comments he made and when he repeated a line of text. Setting f or the Assessment Library setting, after school. This was the only time available. Description of the Assessment Administration Process Select a book that is the child’s reading level. Explain to the child that he or she will read out loud as you observe and record his or her reading behavior. Sit next to the child so that you can see the text and the child’s finger and eye movements as he or she reads the text. Use running record form. As the child reads, mark each word on the running record form by using the symbols on the chart that follows. Place a check mark above each word that is read correctly. If the child reads incorrectly, record above the word what the child reads. If the child is reading too fast for you to record the running record, ask him or her to pause until you catch up. Intervene as little as possible while the child is reading. If the child is stuck and unable to continue, wait 5 to10 seconds and tell him or her the word. If the child seems confused, indicate the point of confusion and say, â€Å"Try again.† Results of the Assessment Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. I would move this student to a higher level text. This text was easy for the student. Analysis of the Assessment Results Student read 156 words at 98% accuracy. She had 3 errors and 2 self corrects. She missed boredom, I told her the word. She changed plan for idea, setting, characters, and beginning. She had trouble with middle and end. She did know the main idea but could not list supporting details. This student needs practice in retelling story in sequence. She had issues with middle and end. I think she was going for a fluency score and read too fast. She had problems orally retelling middle and end. This level is an appropriate level for this student. I will use the results to plan for this student. Teaching purposes for running records. To find a book level appropriate for a child. Check a child after a series of lessons. Evaluate whether a lift in text level is appropriate. Observe particular difficulties in particular children in order to modify instructional emphasis. Evaluate in order to place a child in an appropriate instructional group, class or school. Add to a record which is monitoring an individual’s progress over time. Reading Inventory Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Additional Diagnostic Assessment: Learner Choice Description and Purpose of the Assessment Setting for the Assessment Description of the Assessment Administration Process Results of the Assessment Analysis of the Assessment Results Overall Analysis of Assessment Results PART 2: Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Identifying Student Needs Recommendations for Interventions and Instruction Recommendations for Further Assessment References Appendices Appendix A: DIBELS Scoring Documents Appendix B: Running Records Scoring Documents Appendix C: Reading Inventory Documents Appendix D: Additional Assessment Documents

Thursday, January 2, 2020

National Non Profit Organizations, Programs Or...

All campaigns, programs or intervention initiatives are dependent on the strength and support of stakeholders. In the absence of such cooperative bonds, the achievement of objectives cannot come to fruition. With that said, â€Å"one of the most exciting aspects of AAA is the leadership role prominent national non-profits are taking in reaching their communities with life-saving HIV prevention messages† (CDC, 2013, p. 3). Act Against AIDS achieves such results through their support of the Act Against AIDS Leadership Initiative (AAALI), which is a network inclusive of 19 partners to include Hispanic/Latino, African American, and lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) organizations (CDC, 2013). Equally important, in efforts to maximize the reach of the AAA campaign, the CDC recruits, and work in close collaboration with a vast array of public health partners, as well as media outlets who disseminate campaign material and messages. These partnerships are instrumental in su bsidizing the work and achievements of the national non-profit organizations who are often the first line of defenses. An important point, the continuing public health threat of HIV/AIDS is multi-dimensional; thus, not resolvable by an individual organization. Hence, the reason collaborative bonds are crucial. Ending HIV/AIDS requires the efforts of the federal, state and local governments, state health departments, community organizations, primary care providers, linkage to testing, treatment, andShow MoreRelatedProgram Impact : Act Against Aids Essay1715 Words   |  7 PagesProgram Impact Act Against AIDS plays a fundamental role in the war on HIV when considering, the program â€Å"has reached 2.6 billion media impressions through Web videos, donated media space, radio, TV, and advertising across the country† (NPIN, 2015, para. 2). The AAA takes into account numerous measures to track and evaluate the progress of the vast array of campaigns, which fall under the AAA umbrella. These methods include Web activity, the amount of material distributed, events (number of attendees)Read MoreBenefits Of Non Profit Organization3382 Words   |  14 PagesNon-Profit Organization PeaceTree is an international non-profit organization that advocates for protecting the natural environment (Laurate Education, 2013). This medium-sized organization is located on the second floor of the building in the downtown neighborhood. The company’s budget is approximately $2 million. Regarding the cost-benefit analysis approach, it appears to be heavily emphasized in the PeaceTree’s budget. The benefits of PeaceTree should be identified as absolutely apparent overRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility And Business Ethics8391 Words   |  34 Pagessocial responsibility by law after including the requirements related to it in Companies Act, 2013. As per Section 135 of Companies Act, it is now mandatory for companies (subject to a criteria discussed further) to spend 2% of their average net profits of last three years on CSR. At the time of introduction of law, government expected spending of INR10,000 crore by the companies. â€Æ' ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report and project is the outcome of sincere efforts and motivation of many people. First ofRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 Pagescompany’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. Business stakeholders include(but are not limited to) employees, suppliersRead MoreThe Effects of Ownership Structure, Board Effectiveness and Managerial Discretion on Performance of Listed Companies in Kenya27922 Words   |  112 PagesUniversity, and Mike Odindo of ICT Department at Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA) for their special assistance with formatting and organization of the data. The CEOs and managers who participated in this study as respondents deserve special thanks for their invaluable role in facilitating this study. I also want to register my appreciation to my employers, KRA, for the financial support they extended to me to pursue this course. Special gratitude also goes to my parents, Sebastian Okoth Ongore and SusanaRead MoreFamily Tree19118 Words   |  77 Pagespropositions that articulate relations among variables to explain and predict situations and results. Theories explain the nature and causes of a given problem and provide guidelines for practical interventions. Diagnoses of problems translate into strategies, that is, specific courses of action for programmatic interventions that use a variety of techniques. Since the 1950s, a diversity of theoretical and empirical traditions has converged in the field of development communication. Such convergence producedRead MoreThe Development, Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of a Quality Assurance System Supporting Continuous Improvement of Higher Education in the Eastern Cape Technikon19611 Words   |  79 Pagesresponsible leadership. (Planning Activity 4: National Working Group: 2001) VISION Eastern Cape Technikon will be a leading institution of higher learning, striving for excellence in Engineering, Technology and Applied Business Sciences and offering career-oriented degrees, diplomas and certificates that are relevant to the socio-economic needs of the region, the country and the sub-continent in which it is located. (Planning Activity 4: National Working Group: 2001) Is has further commitmentRead MoreOrganization Restructuring26680 Words   |  107 PagesOrganization Development: Techno-Structural Interventions Prepared by the Master’s Students in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Radford University Class of 2001 Edited by Piper Associates, Inc. Organization Development: Techno-Structural Interventions Prepared by the Master’s Students in Industrial-Organizational Psychology Radford University Class of 2001 Organization development activities can be directed toward individuals, groups, divisions, orRead MoreStrategic Analysis of Nike8813 Words   |  36 Pagesproducts around improves Nike’s ability to gather and track data on transportation emissions and to get products where they need to be at the right time. Each choice has financial, environmental and social impacts that are intertwined and mutually dependent.   The Nike value chain outlines each phase, where the greatest impacts occur, and some of the key tools it uses to increase efficiencies, reduce impacts and improve working conditions throughout the system. Every product and partner, every decisionRead MoreStrategic Organizational Change: the Role of8920 Words   |  36 Pagesproposed model for strategic organizational change is an attempt to link the software and hardware components of organizations. In view of the pressures being expected from the external environment and the critical vision of organizations, research suggests that top management needs to establish a ï ¬â€šexible and adaptive infrastructure that should lead contemporary and complex organizations to optimum levels of performance. The largest barrier to â€Å"change† is not changes to technologies and work processes

Wednesday, December 25, 2019

A Research On Cross Cultural Groups And Organisations

Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist well known for his pioneering research on cross-cultural groups and organisations. The author, in the book Culture and Organisations, describes national cultures as explainable along six dimensions: Individualism, Power Distance, Masculinity, Long Term Orientation, Uncertainty avoidance and Indulgence vs. restraint. Cultures play an important role in forming our ways of thinking, feeling and behaviour. Cultures differ from nations and regions. The author of the book explains the cultural differences or diversity between nations based on empirical researches. Through the dimensions described by the author, we can understand how national cultures work as the mental programming and why people†¦show more content†¦Culture distinguishes people of different categories or regions from others. In this review, I am going to discuss some of the six dimensions with which the author describes the national cultures along. 1. POWER DISTANCE This is the extent to which the less powerful members of the community or society within a country expect and accept that. In this context, the book looks at how individuals regard their position in terms of power in the society. The power distance reflects in role pairs of authority-citizen, parent-child and boss-subordinate in different countries. In high power distance organisations, organisational hierarchy is obvious. There is a line between bosses and subordinates. Low power organisations have a flat organisational structure. 2. INDIVIDUAL VS. COLLECTIVISM Individualism looks at how the ties between the individuals in the society are loose. Here everyone is expected to look after their own interests. Collectivism looks at societies in which people from birth are integrated into strong and cohesive in-groups. This is where people are continuously protected each in exchange for unquestionable loyalty. (p. 76) Individualism-collectivism refers to how people value themselves and their organisations or groups. Persons with high individualistic values care about their own actualisation and career progress in the organisations whereas people with low individualistic values tend to value

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay - 1984 Words

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are identified as a category of birth disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. These can include physical or intellectual anomalies, such as cardiac, skeletal, visual, aural, and fine or gross motor problems. (Callanan, 2013) Prevention would involve alcohol use prevention programs for women who are pregnant, and treatment for FAS and FASD would be aimed at helping those affected realize their full potential through both family and individual interventions. While there is no cure for FAS or FASD, appropriate treatments can aide individuals with these diagnoses to minimize the effects. According to the British Medical Association in 2007, FASD is the leading†¦show more content†¦(Streissguth, 2010) Currently, worldwide prevalence rates suggest that FASD affects as many as one in 100 children, and a study in England suggests that the incidence of FASD is underreported there. (Callanan, 2013) Fet al Alcohol Spectrum Disorders are likely underreported everywhere, based on this information, which makes early treatment interventions more difficult. Ideally, the best prevention for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder, and Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is prevention, however women who are consuming alcohol during pregnancy may be less inclined to seek prenatal care, making it difficult to help them reduce and stop their alcohol consumption, which would prevent the occurrence of FASD and FAS. Since this is the case, FASD and FAS must be treated, rather than prevented. Like most therapeutic interventions, individuals with FASD and FAS are best treated early in life, therefore most interventions are aimed at treating children and adolescents. According to O’Connor and Paley (2009), there is extensive research that has documented significant cognitive, behavioral, adaptive, social, and emotional dysfunctions in peopleShow MoreRelatedFetal Alcohol Syndrome942 Words   |  4 Pages Fetal Alcohol Syndrome According to Seaver, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is birth defects causing learning, and behavioral problems in individuals whose mothers drank alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder is very serious, yet it is recognized as one of the most preventable. This causes major issues, when something so serious could be prevented but is not. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a problem because it leaves a permanent effect on the unborn child, but some solutions could be educating women andRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome1466 Words   |  6 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome â€Å"If women didn’t drink anymore during pregnancy, there would never be another baby born with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Fetal Alcohol Effect† (McCuen 33). This is a very powerful statement. It is also a very simple cure for an alarmingly high birth defect that all women have the power to stop. â€Å"Every year more than 40,000 American children are born with defects because their mother drank alcohol while pregnant â€Å" (McCuen 34). That is 1 to 3 per 1,000 live birthsRead MoreThe Disorder Of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1018 Words   |  5 Pagesthe the disorder Fetal Alcohol Syndrome .This paper will aim to discuss what the disorder is ,it s history how it is diagnosed and the treatment and prevention of this disorder. Taking a sip a int hip Introduction :Behold, thou shalt conceive, and bear a son; and now drink no wine nor strong drink, neither eat any unclean thing(Bible-Judges 13:7).It has been known throughout history that the effects of alcohol use in pregnancyRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pageslead to many severe abnormalities in the growing fetus. More specifically, a disorder that will be explored in this essay is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Since the alcohol is consumed in such a developing stage of the fetus, it can potentially cause many different complications in the unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome could easily be prevented with more awareness to the issue and its defining characteristics, how it affects the fetus during growthRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1707 Words   |  7 Pagesof prenatal alcohol exposure (Lupton, 2003). This number will only continue to grow if the risk of drinking alcohol while pregnant i s not brought to the people’s attention. When the mother takes a drink of alcohol, so does the fetus, which will cause physical and behavioral problems after birth. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is completely preventable and irreversible. FAS awareness and prevention is important; expectant mothers need to know the background information about the syndrome, some commonRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition affecting children born to women who drink heavily during pregnancy. There are three criteria used to describe the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure and to make a diagnosis of FAS. The first of these is a pattern of facial anomalies, these features include: #61558; Small eye openings #61558; Flat cheekbones #61558; Flattened groove between nose and upper lip #61558; Thin upper lip These characteristicsRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a mental and physical birth defect. It occurs when a pregnant women consumes high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy. The effects of FAS can be traumatic in some cases, and in others children were slightly affected by exposure to alcohol. FAS has a wide range of effects on the fetus and infant, retarded growth, under developed facial features, slow cognitive development, and many more. The evidence of cases is overwhelming, yet in some societies it is still anRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a disorder that can happen to children whose mothers drank sufficient amounts of alcohol sometime throughout their pregnancy. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is a condition classified in a group called Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, and is the most known and severe of the group. FAS, depending on the factors such as location, population and race studied is considered one of the leading known causes of mental retardation and birth defects, with 0.2 – 1.5 out of every 1Read MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome2703 Words   |  11 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a pattern of mental, physical, and behavioral defects that may develop in the unborn child when its mother drinks during pregnancy. These defects occur primarily during the first trimester when the teratogenic effects of the alcohol have the greatest effect on the developing organs. The symptoms associated with FAS have been observed for many centuries, but it was not until 1968 that Lemoine and his associates formally described theseRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesyou want your child to have FAS? Read on and I believe you will come to the same conclusion as I have about FAS. FAS doesn’t sound so bad, but in reality it is. FAS means Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. FAS is a combination of physical and mental defects first evident at a baby’s birth. FAS is a direct result of a woman drinking alcohol during pregnancy. These defects continue through out the child’s life. One in five hundred children are born with FAS. Your baby is at risk no matter how much liquor you

Monday, December 9, 2019

The Tradegy of JUlius Caesar Essay Example For Students

The Tradegy of JUlius Caesar Essay I.In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar William Shakespeare proves that an individuals character flaws will ultimately cause his or her demise.II. Caesars naivete and arroganceA.He is a dreamer 716B.Yet if my name were 721C.Id rather tell thee 722D. Caesar shall go 743E.Cowards die 743F.The gods do this 743G.Have I in conquest 744H. I must prevent thee 752I.Constant as the north 753III.Cassiuss evilness, greed, hastiness, nervousnessAll fo these quotes are found in the tradegy of julius caesar the reader would be wse to lok in the book for more aditional quotes, and base his paper on how people in some degree cause their own deaths. weather it be ther love or parks and on ther stroll to a park they get hit by a car or it may be the fact that they are greedy and their dick invovlment in shady opperations h a s c a u s e d t h e i r u n t i m e l y deaths. There are countles examples of this throughout how history. this paper is not many words do I need very conclusive for I am not verygood, but this fuck you is give a sold idea to work from howdy there is a good possiability that the reader can draw a strong connection the the chaos theory. son las dias? nuevaes benero en el bano. the chaos theory states that everything is connect. for example because a buttefly flpped his or her fuck wings richard gear the gay actor had a pinao in brooklyn dropped on his head. i i evdent that peope enjoy the ice cream sandwhich frm time to time espicley whe it is injected i to their beards. its only factual that marvin gaye was a prphet in his onw right como estats? a good resource diary is the one method man. you wuld be wise to eat penut butter out of your neighbors ass hole. ys the answere si yea that am drunk and getting more and more as we speak. hahaha see the workd connectionbeing drawn to the sun from here tnas thatmkd ietoy for all of you r time mothae fuxcker s jhahah jfiekd eo Words/ Pages : 370 / 24

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Recrystalization Lab Report Essay Example

Recrystalization Lab Report Paper An exothermic reaction started immediately with concomitant orientation of a brown precipitate of crude actinide. Ml of water and a magnetic stirring bar were added to stir the reaction mixture and the flask was heated on a magnetic stirring hot plate until all of the solid and oil were dissolved. The temperature of the reaction mixture at this point was close to ICC, the boiling point of water. A few millimeters of hot solution was removed from the flask with a disposable pipette and placed in a test tube. The test tube was set aside to cool and produce crystals. The color and melting point of the in batch of crystals were used to assess the effectiveness of activated carbon treatment of the main batch to remove the colored impurities (vide infra). The temperature of the main batch of the reaction mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask was brought down to 70-ICC, and approximately a pinch of activated carbon were added to the solution. The reaction mixture was carefully brought to boiling with efficient stirring, to prevent bumping over of the reaction mixture. The hot solution was filtered through a double layer of fluted filter paper arranged in a conical glass funnel, previous heated over a boiling water bath. To complete crystallization, the filtrate was cooled in an ice bath. The crystals were collected by suction filtration. The collected product was spread over a filter paper to dry until the next class period. Dried actinide showed melting point, 112-ICC, yield 2. Grams. The crystals from the mini batch that was not treated with charcoal were collected by suction filtration using a Hirsch funnel. We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Recrystalization Lab Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These crystals had brown color and showed melting range of 106-ICC, yield 0. Egg. Percent Yield Calculations: Weight of aniline = 2. 0 g Molecular weight of aniline= 93 Molecular weight of actinide = 135 Theoretical Yield Actual Yield = 2. 03 g + 0. 01 g = 2. 04 g % Yield 100 70. 3% Yield Results and Discussion: In this experiment, aniline (liquid) was reacted with acetic anhydride (liquid) in water at room temperature to give an impure, tan colored solid. The solid was crystallized from water with the use of charcoal to give white flakes of actinide, melting point 112-ICC, actual yield 2. 4 grams. When charcoal was not used urine crystallization, the crystals remained an off-white color. The melting point of the mini batch of brown/tan crystals was 106-ICC. The overall reaction between aniline l, and acetic anhydride, II leading to the formation of actinide is shown below in the first equation. The mechanism of the reaction between the two reactants to produce the actinide is show n in the second equation. In equation 2, the curved arrows represent the flow of electrons during bond formation and bond cleavage. Observations: a. Reactants aniline and acetic anhydride were both insoluble in water, the action medium; however, when the reaction was swirled by hand, an exothermic reaction took place within minutes which produced the solid actinide. B. Acetic anhydride is a high energy molecule. C. Both aniline and water can react with acetic anhydride, but aniline reacts with acetic anhydride at a much faster rate to produce actinide. D. Charcoal was very effective in removing colored impurities from the impure batch of actinide. Questions: 1. The major purpose of crystallization is to purify a solid. . Water is nonflammable and nontoxic. . Used to remove small amounts of colored impurities. Activated carbon absorbs the polar compounds. 4. Because if we add more solvent, then we can vaporize it off. 5. Because because many organic compounds are not soluble in water because it is hydrophobic. These compounds are soluble in ethanol because of ethanols functional groups. The chemist can then add more water to the s olution because the organic compound is soluble in the ethanol. 6. We do not use Benzene and water because they do not dissolve with each other. Like dissolves like.